Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs
2. BIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking
3. CIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing
4. DIt divides the trachea into two bronchi

Which side effects are common after inhaled salbutamol (albuterol)?

1. ADrowsiness and a slow heart rate
2. BWeight gain and ankle swelling
3. CConstipation and dry eyes
4. DFine tremor and a fast heart rate

What does the term "afterload" describe?

1. AThe time the heart takes to relax after each beat
2. BThe volume of blood returning to the right atrium each minute
3. CThe stretch of the ventricle before it contracts
4. DThe resistance the ventricle must overcome to eject blood

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. AStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
2. BA deep vein thrombosis
3. CNormal leg circulation
4. DSignificant peripheral arterial disease

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
2. BIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
3. CIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
4. DThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all

A patient has episodes of severe headache, sweating and palpitations with very high blood pressure. Which rare cause should be considered?

1. AAsthma
2. BPhaeochromocytoma
3. CStable angina
4. DAortic stenosis

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
2. BLeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour
3. CEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort
4. DGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable

A smoker has severe shoulder and arm pain, a drooping eyelid, a small pupil and reduced sweating on the same side of the face. What should be suspected?

1. AA frozen shoulder with referred pain to the face
2. BA stroke affecting the brainstem on the opposite side
3. CA tumour at the apex of the lung (Pancoast tumour)
4. DA simple migraine