Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which three signs make up Beck's triad in cardiac tamponade?

1. AFever, a new heart murmur and splinter haemorrhages under the nails
2. BLow blood pressure, distended neck veins and muffled heart sounds
3. CHigh blood pressure, a slow pulse and irregular breathing
4. DChest pain, ST elevation and raised troponin

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ADull ache that slowly builds over several days
2. BCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
3. CBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
4. DSudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited cause of which lung disease?

1. AAsthma
2. BPneumothorax
3. CLung cancer
4. DEmphysema

Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?

1. AA tall, thin young man who smokes
2. BA child with a viral sore throat
3. CAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
4. DA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots
2. BThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma
3. CThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
4. DThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
2. BDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
3. CMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
4. DAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. AForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
2. BLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube
3. CCall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma
4. DCover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help

Vì sao dùng làm ẩm với oxy lưu lượng cao?

1. AKhí ẩm mang nhiều oxy hơn mỗi lít so với khí khô
2. BKhí khô ở lưu lượng cao làm khô đường thở và đặc dịch tiết
3. CHơi nước lọc vi khuẩn khỏi nguồn oxy
4. DLàm ẩm ngăn ngộ độc oxy phát triển