Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What is haemoptysis?

1. AVomiting blood that comes from the stomach
2. BBleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
3. CCoughing up blood from the lungs or airways
4. DBlood in the urine

What is the normal resting respiratory rate for an adult?

1. A30–40 breaths per minute
2. B24–30 breaths per minute
3. C6–10 breaths per minute
4. D12–20 breaths per minute

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease
2. BActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
3. CComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
4. DThat the patient has never met TB

A patient has a prosthetic heart valve. Which teaching best reduces the risk of infective endocarditis?

1. AAvoid eating dairy products and raw vegetables
2. BTake a daily antibiotic tablet indefinitely
3. CAvoid all physical exercise for the rest of their life
4. DKeep teeth and gums healthy with regular dental check-ups

How should a patient breathe in when using a pressurised metered-dose inhaler without a spacer?

1. ASlowly and deeply while pressing the canister, then hold the breath
2. BNormally, while breathing out through the mouthpiece
3. CAs hard and fast as possible, then press the canister afterwards
4. DIn short gasps through the nose while pressing the canister

Lời khuyên nào giúp phòng huyết khối tĩnh mạch sâu trong chuyến bay dài hoặc sau phẫu thuật?

1. ATập cử động cổ chân đều đặn và uống đủ nước
2. BĐeo dây thun chặt ngay dưới gối
3. CNgồi vắt chéo chân cho thoải mái
4. DUống ít nước để khỏi phải đứng dậy đi vệ sinh

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7,50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation
2. BMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
3. CMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. AA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall
2. BA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place
3. CNormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing
4. DA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury