Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Lời khuyên nào nên đưa ra cho bệnh nhân đang dùng thuốc chống đông?

1. ADùng bàn chải đánh răng mềm và báo cáo chảy máu bất thường
2. BDùng ibuprofen thay vì paracetamol khi đau
3. CTừ nay tránh mọi loại rau xanh
4. DBỏ một liều mỗi khi xuất hiện vết bầm nhỏ

Vì sao bệnh nhân nên súc miệng sau khi dùng corticosteroid dạng hít?

1. AĐể nuốt thuốc xuống phổi
2. BĐể giảm tưa miệng và khàn giọng
3. CĐể thuốc tác dụng nhanh hơn
4. DĐể ngăn run do thuốc

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe atrioventricular (AV) node
2. BThe sinoatrial (SA) node
3. CThe Purkinje fibres
4. DThe bundle of His

A patient has pneumonia in the right lung only. In which side-lying position will oxygenation usually be best?

1. AProne with the head down
2. BLying on the left side, with the healthy lung down
3. CFlat on the back with no pillows
4. DLying on the right side, with the affected lung down

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
2. BThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
3. CThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
4. DThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly

A patient's ankle–brachial pressure index (ABPI) is 0,6. What does this suggest?

1. AA deep vein thrombosis
2. BSignificant peripheral arterial disease
3. CStiff, calcified arteries that read falsely high
4. DNormal leg circulation

An older patient's varicose vein bursts at the ankle and bleeds heavily. What is the most effective first aid?

1. AStand the patient up so the blood flows away and clots faster
2. BKeep the leg hanging down over the bed
3. CApply a hot compress to the leg to help the vein close up
4. DLie the patient down, raise the leg and press firmly on the site

A patient with both COPD and heart disease is more breathless, with bilateral basal crackles, raised JVP, ankle swelling and a markedly raised NT-proBNP. Which problem is most likely driving this episode?

1. ADecompensated heart failure
2. BHyperventilation from anxiety
3. CA primary spontaneous pneumothorax
4. DAn asthma attack