Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
2. BAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
3. CThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
4. DThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected

What is the normal range for arterial PaCO₂?

1. AAbout 1,0–2,0 kPa (8–15 mmHg)
2. BAbout 8,0–9,0 kPa (60–68 mmHg)
3. CAbout 10–13 kPa (75–100 mmHg)
4. DAbout 4,7–6,0 kPa (35–45 mmHg)

Mesothelioma of the pleura is strongly linked with exposure to which substance?

1. ACoal dust
2. BWood smoke
3. CPollen
4. DAsbestos

A patient with a long QT interval develops a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that twists around the baseline but still has a pulse. Which drug is used first?

1. AIntravenous potassium chloride as a bolus
2. BIntravenous magnesium sulfate
3. CIntravenous adenosine
4. DOral digoxin

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
4. DIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. ALift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
2. BSleep only on the stomach to protect the wound
3. CAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms
4. DAvoid walking until the stitches are removed

Trong cơn hen nặng, PaCO₂ của bệnh nhân tăng từ thấp lên bình thường trong khi trông kiệt sức. Điều này có nghĩa là gì?

1. ACơn đang thuyên giảm và có thể giảm điều trị
2. BMẫu có lẽ là máu tĩnh mạch và có thể bỏ qua
3. CBệnh nhân đang thở nhanh vì lo lắng
4. DBệnh nhân đang mệt dần và suy hô hấp có thể theo sau

A patient's blood gas shows pH 7,26, PaCO₂ 9,0 kPa (68 mmHg) and bicarbonate 25 mmol/L. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory alkalosis
2. BMetabolic alkalosis
3. CMetabolic acidosis with compensation
4. DAcute respiratory acidosis