Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

In a healthy person, what is the main chemical stimulus for breathing?

1. AA falling level of potassium in the blood
2. BA falling level of glucose in the blood after fasting
3. CA rising level of carbon dioxide in the blood
4. DA rising level of oxygen in the blood

Which precautions are needed for a patient with suspected infectious pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. AStandard precautions only
2. BProtective isolation for the patient's own sake
3. CContact precautions with gloves only
4. DAirborne precautions with a respirator mask

Một bệnh nhân suy tim nói rằng cần ba chiếc gối mới thở thoải mái được vào ban đêm. Triệu chứng này gọi là gì?

1. AThở chậm
2. BHo ra máu
3. CThở nhanh
4. DKhó thở khi nằm (orthopnoea)

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent peripheral neuropathy
2. BTo prevent gout attacks
3. CTo prevent orange discolouration of urine
4. DTo prevent loss of colour vision

A peripheral cannula site is red, warm, tender and swollen along the vein. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave it in place, as this is normal after 24 hours
2. BFlush the cannula hard to clear it
3. CCover the site and keep using it until it blocks
4. DRemove the cannula, document and monitor the site

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
2. BIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
3. CIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx
4. DThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."
2. B"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."
3. C"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
4. D"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."

A patient declines enoxaparin for VTE prevention because it is made from pork, which conflicts with their beliefs. What is the best response?

1. AGive the injection anyway without explaining what the medicine is made from
2. BTell the patient that refusal means they cannot have surgery
3. CDocument the refusal in the notes and take no further action at all
4. DRespect the decision, inform the prescriber and discuss non-animal options