Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Which colour change is typical of Raynaud's phenomenon?

1. AFingers turn yellow, then green, then brown
2. BFingers turn white, then blue, then red
3. CThe whole arm turns pale and then black
4. DFingers stay red and hot for several days

Xét nghiệm máu nào đặc hiệu nhất cho tổn thương cơ tim?

1. ACreatine kinase (toàn phần)
2. BLactate dehydrogenase
3. CTroponin tim
4. DProtein phản ứng C (CRP)

Thuốc nào thường dùng để làm chậm nhịp tim trong rung nhĩ?

1. AAtorvastatin (statin)
2. BAmlodipine (thuốc chẹn kênh calci nhóm dihydropyridine)
3. CFurosemide (thuốc lợi tiểu quai)
4. DBisoprolol (thuốc chẹn beta)

Why is a raised serum lactate concerning in a patient with shock?

1. AIt shows only that the patient has eaten a large meal in the past hour
2. BIt suggests tissues are short of oxygen and using anaerobic metabolism
3. CIt confirms a bacterial infection is present
4. DIt means the kidneys are working harder than normal to clear fluid

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AImmediately after the scope is removed
2. BAfter a full 24 hours without food
3. COnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
4. DWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned

Where is the V1 electrode placed for a 12-lead ECG?

1. AJust below the left collarbone
2. BThe fourth intercostal space just right of the sternum
3. COver the left nipple
4. DThe fifth intercostal space in the mid-axillary line

A 70-year-old man has a small abdominal aortic aneurysm found on screening and is placed under surveillance. Which advice is most important?

1. AStop smoking, control BP and seek help at once for sudden back pain
2. BHave the aneurysm repaired immediately, whatever its size or growth rate
3. CStop all blood pressure medicines to avoid low pressure
4. DAvoid all exercise and lifting for the rest of his life to protect the aorta

On day 2 after a surgical tracheostomy, the tube falls out. The patient is breathing but distressed. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACover the stoma completely with a sealed dressing and wait for help
2. BForce the tube back through the stoma immediately with firm pressure
3. CLeave the patient alone while fetching a new tube
4. DCall for expert help and give oxygen to both the face and the stoma