Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures
2. BThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest
3. CThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
4. DThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute

Nhóm dấu hiệu nào gợi ý ứ carbon dioxide (tăng CO₂ máu)?

1. ADa nhợt, lạnh, ẩm với mạch yếu, nhanh nhỏ
2. BBuồn ngủ, đau đầu, da đỏ bừng và mạch nảy mạnh
3. CTê ngón tay và môi sau một lúc thở nhanh
4. DĐồng tử co nhỏ như đầu kim với nhịp tim rất chậm

Xét nghiệm máu nào đặc hiệu nhất cho tổn thương cơ tim?

1. ATroponin tim
2. BProtein phản ứng C (CRP)
3. CLactate dehydrogenase
4. DCreatine kinase (toàn phần)

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. AWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet
2. BCheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
3. CUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
4. DCut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure

After repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, which regular assessment helps detect a blocked graft or clots in the legs?

1. AMeasuring the blood glucose every hour through the night
2. BChecking the pupils' response to light
3. CChecking leg pulses, colour, warmth and sensation
4. DTesting the gag reflex every four hours after surgery

How can a patient reduce wound pain when coughing after abdominal surgery?

1. ALie flat on the back with the legs straight
2. BHold a pillow firmly against the wound while coughing
3. CAvoid coughing completely until all the stitches are removed
4. DHold the breath for as long as possible

A patient on spironolactone and an ACE inhibitor has a potassium of 6,8 mmol/L (6,8 mEq/L) with peaked T waves. What is usually given first to protect the heart?

1. AIntravenous calcium gluconate or chloride
2. BOral potassium supplements
3. CAn IV furosemide bolus as the only treatment
4. DA dose of digoxin

A patient with severe COPD has increasing ankle oedema and a raised JVP, but no crackles and a normal left ventricle on echocardiography. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAortic stenosis
2. BDeep vein thrombosis
3. CCor pulmonale
4. DLeft ventricular failure