Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Biến chứng nghiêm trọng nhất của huyết khối tĩnh mạch sâu là gì?

1. AViêm tĩnh mạch huyết khối nông
2. BGiãn tĩnh mạch
3. CThuyên tắc phổi
4. DSưng chân sau huyết khối

Dấu hiệu nào điển hình nhất của suy tim phải?

1. AChỉ khó thở khi nằm phẳng
2. BPhù ở vùng thấp và tăng áp lực tĩnh mạch cảnh
3. CThức giấc ban đêm vì nghẹt thở
4. DĐờm bọt hồng và ran nổ nhỏ ở hai đáy phổi

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. ACycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
2. BA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat
3. CConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth
4. DBreathing only through pursed lips

After thrombolysis for a myocardial infarction, which complication is the nurse most concerned to detect?

1. AA skin rash appearing at the sites of the ECG electrodes
2. BA high blood glucose caused by the thrombolytic drug itself
3. CConstipation from bed rest
4. DBleeding, including a sudden change in neurological status

Which finding shows that long-standing hypertension has caused target organ damage?

1. AA normal fasting glucose
2. BA heart rate of 72/min
3. CClear lung fields on the chest X-ray
4. DLeft ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo keep the pads from burning the skin
2. BTo allow the use of a lower battery charge
3. CTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
4. DTo make the shock less painful for the patient

A fit 24-year-old marathon runner has a resting heart rate of 46/min on admission for minor surgery. He has no dizziness, chest pain or breathlessness, and his BP is 118/70 mmHg. What is the appropriate response?

1. AStart chest compressions
2. BDocument and report it, as this is often normal in an athlete
3. CCancel the surgery and arrange a permanent pacemaker urgently
4. DGive IV atropine straight away to bring the rate above 60/min

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. APEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction
2. BPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
3. CPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
4. DHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart