Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tim mạch và hô hấp có đáp án

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) is most strongly linked with which factor?

1. ADrinking coffee
2. BLack of sleep
3. CSmoking tobacco
4. DA high-salt diet

Which side effect is typical of ACE inhibitors such as ramipril or lisinopril?

1. ASwelling of both ankles
2. BA fast, irregular heart rate
3. CA productive cough with green sputum
4. DA persistent dry cough

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping
2. BA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs
3. CA chest that moves inward on breathing in
4. DA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth

Which foot care advice is correct for a patient with peripheral arterial disease?

1. AUse a hot water bottle on the feet at night
2. BCheck the feet daily and wear well-fitting shoes
3. CCut corns with a razor blade to prevent pressure
4. DWalk barefoot at home to strengthen the feet

Which investigation is most often used to confirm a pulmonary embolism?

1. ACT pulmonary angiography
2. BSputum culture
3. CAbdominal ultrasound
4. DPeak flow measurement

Which emergency equipment should be kept at the bedside of a patient with a tracheostomy?

1. AA nasogastric tube and a feeding pump
2. BSpare tubes (same size and one smaller), suction and oxygen
3. COnly a spare oxygen mask, since the tube rarely causes problems
4. DA urinary catheter set, a blood glucose meter and a thermometer

After a faulty gas heater was found at home, a patient has headache, nausea and confusion. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What is the priority treatment?

1. AReassurance, because the oxygen saturation is normal
2. BOxygen at 1 L/min via nasal cannula
3. CHigh-concentration oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
4. DParacetamol (acetaminophen) and observation only

A patient with severe aortic stenosis is prescribed glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) for chest pain. Why should the nurse use particular caution?

1. AGTN makes the narrowed aortic valve tighten further within a few minutes
2. BVasodilators can cause a severe fall in BP with a fixed outflow obstruction
3. CGTN raises the blood pressure dangerously in aortic stenosis
4. DThere is no reason for caution, because GTN acts only on the coronary arteries