Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Hai nguyên nhân nào chiếm phần lớn các ca viêm tụy cấp?

1. ACảm lạnh do virus và căng thẳng
2. BSỏi mật và rượu
3. CNhiều chất xơ và mất nước
4. DHút thuốc và béo phì

How should a patient be positioned during enteral tube feeding?

1. AWith the head of the bed raised to at least 30–45°
2. BLying completely flat on the back with one pillow
3. CWith the head lower than the feet
4. DLying on the stomach with the head turned to one side

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
2. BIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
3. CIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues
4. DIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs

Why should metoclopramide not be used for nausea in mechanical bowel obstruction?

1. AIt makes the bowel stop moving completely
2. BIt always causes severe diarrhoea
3. CIt blocks the effect of all opioids
4. DIt increases gut movement against the blockage

After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has pain in the right shoulder. What is the most likely cause?

1. AA heart attack during the operation
2. BAn allergy to the dressing on the wound
3. CGas used during surgery irritating the diaphragm
4. DA dislocated shoulder from patient positioning

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. APreventing nausea works better than treating it later
2. BThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
3. CThey cannot be given once nausea has started
4. DAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better

After a coughing fit, the external mark on a patient's nasogastric tube has moved 10 cm. Feed is due. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the medicines only and save the feed for later
2. BStart the feed at a slow rate and watch for coughing
3. CDo not use the tube until its position is confirmed by policy
4. DPush the tube back to the original mark and start the feed

Which preoperative task can a registered nurse usually delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether abnormal results need reporting
2. BAssessing the patient's understanding of the surgery
3. CTeaching the patient how to use a PCA pump
4. DRecording baseline vital signs