Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

Mô nào trong vết thương đang lành trông đỏ, ẩm và dạng hạt?

1. AVảy khô (eschar)
2. BMô hoại tử mềm màu vàng (slough)
3. CMô hạt
4. DMô hoại tử

Where is biliary colic typically felt?

1. AIn the lower back, after lifting something heavy
2. BIn the groin, after standing for a long time
3. CIn the right upper abdomen, often after a fatty meal
4. DIn the left lower abdomen, after passing stool

Theo một định nghĩa được dùng rộng rãi, ai là người đánh giá đau của bệnh nhân tốt nhất?

1. ANgười nhà
2. BĐiều dưỡng
3. CPhẫu thuật viên
4. DBệnh nhân

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AGiving a sleeping tablet every night
2. BMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
3. CMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
4. DKeeping the room dark during the day

Which early symptoms suggest local anaesthetic systemic toxicity?

1. ATingling around the mouth, a metallic taste and tinnitus
2. BMild itching of the feet the next day
3. CIncreased hunger and thirst over several hours, with a dry mouth
4. DA red rash only at the injection site, with no other symptoms

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
2. BVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery
3. CThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
4. DThe liver can no longer store any vitamins

A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?

1. ABook a routine endoscopy for later in the week
2. BGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour
3. CRecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
4. DAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
2. BGive loperamide and review next week
3. CAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools
4. DReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless