Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

How is hepatitis B mainly spread?

1. AThrough blood, sexual contact and from mother to baby
2. BOnly by coughing and sneezing
3. COnly by eating undercooked shellfish from polluted water
4. DThrough touching door handles and shaking hands

Đâu là một trong những nguyên nhân phổ biến nhất của xơ gan?

1. AThiếu máu thiếu sắt
2. BUống rượu nhiều kéo dài
3. CChế độ ăn nhiều trái cây và chất xơ
4. DMột lần ngộ độc thực phẩm

What is adjuvant chemotherapy?

1. ATreatment after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence
2. BTreatment given only to relieve symptoms
3. CTreatment given before a biopsy is taken
4. DTreatment given only to patients who refuse surgery or radiotherapy

Why is pethidine (meperidine) generally avoided for regular pain relief?

1. AIt has no pain-relieving effect at all in adults
2. BA metabolite can build up and cause seizures
3. CIt always causes severe diarrhoea
4. DIt can only be given by mouth

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. AAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
2. BSet up a private setting with enough time
3. CGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor
4. DGive all treatment options before checking understanding

Lời khuyên ăn uống nào giảm nguy cơ tắc ở bệnh nhân mới mở thông hồi tràng?

1. ANuốt nhanh mà không nhai nhiều
2. BNhai kỹ, và đưa thức ăn nhiều xơ vào từ từ
3. CĂn nhiều hạt từ ngày đầu tiên
4. DUống rất ít dịch để dịch thải đặc

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait until a relative can confirm the pain
2. BAssume there is no pain because none is reported
3. CUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
4. DGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia

A patient with gastric outlet obstruction has vomited repeatedly for several days. Which blood picture is most likely?

1. ALow chloride, low potassium and metabolic alkalosis
2. BHigh chloride, high potassium and metabolic acidosis
3. CHigh calcium, high sodium and respiratory acidosis
4. DNormal electrolytes with respiratory alkalosis