Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

How is hepatitis B mainly spread?

1. AThrough blood, sexual contact and from mother to baby
2. BOnly by coughing and sneezing
3. COnly by eating undercooked shellfish from polluted water
4. DThrough touching door handles and shaking hands

What is brachytherapy?

1. ASurgery to remove a tumour through a small incision
2. BChemotherapy given slowly into a vein over several hours each day
3. CRadiotherapy given by a machine from outside the body
4. DRadiotherapy from a sealed source placed in or next to the tumour

What is healing by secondary intention?

1. AA wound that heals without any new tissue
2. BA wound closed a few days after it was left open
3. CA wound closed with sutures straight after surgery
4. DA wound left open that heals from the base upwards

Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?

1. AThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
2. BThey may increase the risk of perforation
3. CThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily
4. DThey make the blood tests impossible to read

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. AJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
2. BRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
3. CPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
4. DNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever

Lời khuyên ăn uống nào giảm nguy cơ tắc ở bệnh nhân mới mở thông hồi tràng?

1. ANhai kỹ, và đưa thức ăn nhiều xơ vào từ từ
2. BĂn nhiều hạt từ ngày đầu tiên
3. CNuốt nhanh mà không nhai nhiều
4. DUống rất ít dịch để dịch thải đặc

A patient has had a large terminal ileum resection for Crohn's disease. Which long-term problems should the nurse anticipate?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency and bile-acid diarrhoea
2. BExcess vitamin D and calcium kidney stones in the first year
3. CIron overload and constipation
4. DInsulin deficiency and high blood glucose from loss of the islets

After several days of a tight CPAP mask, a patient has a red, broken area on the bridge of the nose. What is this, and what should the nurse do?

1. AA normal mark; take no action until it heals
2. BA device-related pressure injury; protect skin and refit the mask
3. CAn allergic rash; stop the CPAP for good and give oral antihistamines
4. DA burn from the oxygen; apply ice to the area