Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

What is abdominal paracentesis?

1. ADraining fluid from the abdominal cavity with a needle or drain
2. BInjection of dye into a vein in the arm
3. CA camera test of the lining of the large bowel
4. DRemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions

How does the pain of acute appendicitis typically progress?

1. AIt starts around the umbilicus, then moves to the right lower abdomen
2. BIt stays in the upper abdomen and eases after meals
3. CIt starts in the left lower abdomen, then spreads to the back
4. DIt starts in the right shoulder, then moves to the chest

What is the typical main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)?

1. APainless yellowing of the skin and eyes
2. BCramping pain low in the left side of the abdomen
3. CSharp pain in the right shoulder after meals
4. DBurning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn)

What is the main treatment for a venous leg ulcer with an adequate arterial supply?

1. ASurgery to amputate the limb
2. BKeeping the leg hanging down all day
3. CCompression therapy
4. DStrong oral antibiotics for all ulcers

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
2. BVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery
3. CIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
4. DThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients

Which statement about pain in older adults is correct?

1. AOlder adults feel less pain because nerves wear out
2. BPain is a normal part of ageing and does not need any treatment at all
3. CThey may under-report pain, so active assessment is needed
4. DOpioids must never be used in people over 70

After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
2. BGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
3. CWait until a relative can confirm the pain
4. DAssume there is no pain because none is reported

A dying patient has noisy, rattling breathing. The patient seems unaware, but the family is distressed. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AAsk the family to leave the room
2. BGive large volumes of IV fluid to loosen and thin the secretions
3. CPerform deep suction every hour
4. DReposition, explain the cause and give prescribed drugs if needed