Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 10 minutes before
2. BUp to 24 hours before
3. CUp to 2 hours before
4. DUp to 12 hours before

What is the main serious risk of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose?

1. ALiver damage
2. BStomach bleeding
3. CRespiratory depression
4. DHearing loss

Which electrolyte typically falls in refeeding syndrome?

1. AChloride
2. BSodium
3. CCalcium
4. DPhosphate

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. AThiazide diuretics
2. BProton pump inhibitors
3. CNon-selective beta-blockers
4. DCalcium supplements

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo decide which meal the patient will have next
2. BTo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
3. CTo record when visitors come and go
4. DTo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed

Why are antiemetics usually given before chemotherapy starts?

1. AThey cannot be given once nausea has started
2. BThey stop the chemotherapy from causing hair loss and mouth sores
3. CAntiemetics make the chemotherapy work better
4. DPreventing nausea works better than treating it later

Một bệnh nhân tắc ruột non có ống mũi–dạ dày dẫn lưu 2 L mỗi ngày. Trọng tâm điều dưỡng nào quan trọng nhất?

1. ACân bằng dịch chính xác với bù tĩnh mạch và kiểm tra điện giải
2. BCho uống dịch tự do để bù lượng ống lấy ra
3. CKẹp ống thời gian dài để giữ dịch dạ dày
4. DRút ống khi đã dẫn lưu 1 L để phòng mất thêm

On day 5 after hip surgery, a patient suddenly becomes breathless, with sharp chest pain on breathing in, a pulse of 120/min and SpO₂ 89%. What should the nurse suspect and do first?

1. AAnxiety; give reassurance and repeat the observations in an hour's time
2. BPulmonary embolism; sit up, give oxygen and call for urgent help
3. CWound infection; take a wound swab and wait for results
4. DSimple atelectasis; encourage walking around the ward