Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: tiêu hóa, quanh phẫu thuật và ung thư có đáp án

What is metastasis?

1. AShrinking of a tumour after treatment
2. BThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body
3. CHealing of tissue after a biopsy
4. DSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body

What does the ASA physical status classification describe?

1. AThe type of anaesthetic drug the surgeon prefers
2. BThe exact length of the planned operation
3. CThe patient's general health before anaesthesia
4. DThe patient's pain score after surgery

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ANormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
2. BRising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
3. CHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse
4. DSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands

When breaking bad news, what is the first step in frameworks such as SPIKES?

1. AGive the diagnosis as quickly as possible in the corridor
2. BGive all treatment options before checking understanding
3. CAsk the family to decide what the patient should be told
4. DSet up a private setting with enough time

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. ASystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
2. BAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
3. CPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly
4. DStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe

How is an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus often first treated?

1. AA barium meal given by mouth to untwist the bowel slowly
2. BEating a large high-fibre meal
3. CDecompression with a flexible sigmoidoscope and flatus tube
4. DHigh-dose laxatives taken by mouth

On day 3 after admission, a patient with alcohol dependence becomes confused, with hallucinations, sweating, tremor, fever and tachycardia. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn allergic reaction to hospital food
2. BHepatitis A caught on the ward
3. CNormal anxiety about being in hospital
4. DDelirium tremens from alcohol withdrawal

A patient with diabetes has a foot ulcer. A sterile probe touches bone at the base of the ulcer. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA healing category 1 ulcer
2. BSimple dry skin
3. CVenous insufficiency
4. DOsteomyelitis