Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
2. BAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
3. CAny single raised creatinine result
4. DKidney pain lasting more than a week

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. AA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
2. BA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue
3. CSlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage
4. DInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose

Vì sao nhiều bệnh nhân bệnh thận mạn bị thiếu máu?

1. AThận phá hủy hồng cầu
2. BLọc máu lấy đi sắt khỏi máu
3. CThận tạo ít erythropoietin hơn
4. DMất máu qua nước tiểu mỗi ngày

Điểm Glasgow Coma Scale nào thường gợi ý bệnh nhân có thể không tự bảo vệ được đường thở?

1. A15
2. B8 hoặc thấp hơn
3. C13 hoặc thấp hơn
4. D11 hoặc cao hơn

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. AAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
2. BSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
3. CKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
4. DDrink coffee in the evening to stay alert

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ALie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
2. BDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean
3. CAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
4. DBlow the nose often to clear any clots

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
2. BFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises
3. CThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
4. DThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal

A student has fever, a severe headache, a spreading non-blanching rash and a BP of 85/50 mmHg. A lumbar puncture is planned. What is the priority?

1. AGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and recheck observations in an hour
2. BGive IV antibiotics at once and start sepsis treatment
3. CWait until after the lumbar puncture before giving antibiotics
4. DArrange a CT scan of the head before any treatment