Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Why do women get urinary tract infections more often than men?

1. AWomen's kidneys are smaller than men's
2. BWomen drink more fluids than men do each day
3. CWomen have more bacteria in their blood
4. DThe urethra is shorter and closer to the anus

Which features suggest pyelonephritis rather than simple cystitis?

1. AUrine that smells slightly stronger
2. BMild burning on passing urine only
3. CFever, rigors and pain in the loin
4. DPassing urine more often at night only

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

1. AInsulin and cortisol
2. BTSH and ACTH
3. CGrowth hormone and prolactin
4. DADH (vasopressin) and oxytocin

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ADrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
2. BSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
3. CAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
4. DKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time

Before a haemodialysis catheter is used, why is the lock solution withdrawn from each lumen?

1. AIt contains the patient's urine
2. BIt contains a strong antibiotic that must be kept
3. CIt contains air that keeps the line open
4. DIt contains concentrated anticoagulant

Một bệnh nhân đột quỵ hiểu lời nói nhưng khó tìm từ và nói bằng những cụm ngắn, nặng nhọc. Đây là loại mất ngôn ngữ nào?

1. AMất ngôn ngữ diễn đạt (Broca)
2. BNói khó do yếu cơ mặt
3. CMất ngôn ngữ toàn bộ, không hiểu
4. DMất ngôn ngữ tiếp nhận (Wernicke)

The nurse has four patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in two hours
2. BA patient with hypothyroidism asking when to take levothyroxine
3. CA patient on insulin for DKA whose potassium is now 2,9 mmol/L
4. DA patient with stable CKD waiting for a renal diet review

A patient with polycystic kidney disease suddenly has the worst headache of their life and neck stiffness. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA subarachnoid haemorrhage from a brain aneurysm
2. BA urinary infection that has spread
3. CA migraine linked to high blood pressure
4. DPain spreading upwards from a kidney cyst