Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. AOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
2. BA tight band around the head that comes and goes
3. CSudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute
4. DSlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA single episode of itching
2. BHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
3. CA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms
4. DA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10,5 g/dL) with mild tiredness

What is the usual first-line treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women?

1. ARestricting fluids to half a litre a day
2. BSurgery straight away
3. CA permanent urinary catheter
4. DPelvic floor muscle training

Một bệnh nhân SIADH có natri 126 mmol/L và triệu chứng nhẹ. Điều trị nào thường là đầu tay?

1. AHạn chế dịch
2. BDesmopressin
3. CUống thêm nước
4. DTruyền glucose 5% tĩnh mạch

Ở bệnh nhân chấn thương tủy sống cấp ở C6, bức tranh nào gợi ý sốc thần kinh?

1. AHuyết áp thấp, mạch nhanh và da lạnh, ẩm
2. BHuyết áp bình thường, mạch nhanh và sốt cao
3. CHuyết áp thấp, mạch chậm và da ấm, khô
4. DHuyết áp cao, mạch chậm và đau đầu dữ dội

Which measure best prevents catheter-associated urinary tract infection?

1. ARemove the catheter as soon as it is no longer needed
2. BDisconnect the bag regularly to empty it
3. CKeep the drainage bag above bladder level
4. DChange the catheter for a new one every day

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal tiredness after an operation
2. BSimple low mood about being in hospital
3. CHypoactive delirium
4. DThe start of Alzheimer's disease

A patient with CKD has a high phosphate, a low calcium and a high PTH. What does this show?

1. ASecondary hyperparathyroidism from CKD
2. BHypoparathyroidism after neck surgery
3. CPrimary hyperparathyroidism from a tumour
4. DToo much vitamin D from supplements