Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. ATaking too much insulin
2. BDrinking too much water
3. CEating too much fruit
4. DNot drinking enough water

What is stress urinary incontinence?

1. ALeaking urine when coughing, sneezing or lifting
2. BBeing unable to reach the toilet in time due to poor mobility
3. CConstant dribbling from an overfull bladder
4. DLeaking after a sudden, strong urge to pass urine

Which cranial nerves are mainly involved in the gag reflex?

1. ATrigeminal (V) and facial (VII)
2. BGlossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
3. COculomotor (III) and abducens (VI)
4. DOlfactory (I) and optic (II)

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. ACarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood
2. BPropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
3. CPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug
4. DCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
2. BInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
3. CAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable
4. DInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed

Why might a patient bleed more from the needle sites straight after haemodialysis?

1. AThe fistula has been damaged and must be tied off
2. BDialysis raises the blood pressure sharply for several hours
3. CHeparin is often used to stop the circuit from clotting
4. DDialysis removes all the platelets from the blood

The nurse has four endocrine patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Graves' disease asking about radioactive iodine
2. BA patient after thyroidectomy with mild pain on swallowing
3. CA patient with hypothyroidism who has been constipated for three days
4. DA patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39,5 °C (103,1 °F)

Why may HbA1c be unreliable in a patient with haemolytic anaemia or a recent large blood transfusion?

1. ABlood transfusions contain large amounts of glucose
2. BIt depends on how long red blood cells survive in the blood
3. CAnaemia always makes the HbA1c very high
4. DThe test only measures the glucose in the plasma, not in the cells