Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which equipment should be ready at the bedside of a patient on seizure precautions?

1. AWorking suction and oxygen
2. BWrist restraints to stop the limbs jerking
3. CA tongue depressor to place between the teeth
4. DA urinary catheter in case of incontinence

What is the main action of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?

1. AIt makes the kidneys pass more water
2. BIt makes the kidneys reabsorb water
3. CIt makes the kidneys keep potassium
4. DIt makes the kidneys pass more glucose

What is an arteriovenous fistula?

1. AA plastic tube placed in a large neck vein
2. BA blood clot that blocks an artery in the arm
3. CA surgical join between an artery and a vein
4. DA catheter placed into the abdominal cavity

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood
2. BIt slows the decline in kidney function
3. CIt cures chronic kidney disease
4. DIt lowers the blood glucose

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA sign that the dose is too low
2. BA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
3. CDehydration from drinking too little
4. DLiver toxicity from valproate

A patient has radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. Which advice is correct?

1. ALimit close contact with children and pregnant women for a time
2. BStay in strict isolation in hospital for several months
3. CStart breastfeeding again the next day
4. DThere are no precautions, because the dose is tiny

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AThe start of Alzheimer's disease
2. BNormal tiredness after an operation
3. CHypoactive delirium
4. DSimple low mood about being in hospital

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has a BP of 190/115 mmHg, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which is the priority?

1. AUrgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
2. BEncourage a walk to relieve the headache
3. CGive extra oral fluids to correct the low urine output
4. DRecheck the BP at the next routine round