Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
3. CA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
4. DStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA kidney stone passed the week before
2. BAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning
3. CA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier
4. DA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. ASmoking
2. BA diet high in fruit
3. CDrinking a lot of water
4. DFrequent urinary infections in childhood

Sau khi tiêu huyết khối tĩnh mạch cho đột quỵ, theo dõi nào quan trọng nhất trong 24 giờ đầu?

1. AChỉ cân nặng hằng ngày và cân bằng dịch
2. BKiểm tra thần kinh và huyết áp thường xuyên
3. CNhu động ruột và vòng bụng mỗi giờ
4. DLưu lượng đỉnh và độ bão hòa oxy mỗi giờ

Why is good blood pressure control important in chronic kidney disease?

1. AIt raises the haemoglobin level in the blood
2. BIt cures chronic kidney disease
3. CIt slows the decline in kidney function
4. DIt lowers the blood glucose

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6,4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AStart dialysis as soon as possible
2. BIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
3. CGive oral potassium supplements straight away
4. DInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
2. BGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow
3. CNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
4. DUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AReassure him, because the blood has stopped
2. BUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
3. CAdvise more fluids and review in a year
4. DAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI