Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

After a head injury, a patient has bruising behind the ear over the mastoid bone. What does this suggest?

1. AA fracture of the base of the skull
2. BA fractured jaw
3. CAn injury to the outer ear only
4. DA simple scalp laceration

Which fasting plasma glucose level is used to diagnose diabetes?

1. A5,5 mmol/L (99 mg/dL) or higher
2. B15,0 mmol/L (270 mg/dL) or higher
3. C4,0 mmol/L (72 mg/dL) or higher
4. D7,0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or higher

How is the headache of a subarachnoid haemorrhage typically described?

1. ASudden and severe, reaching its peak within about a minute
2. BOne-sided and throbbing, with an aura beforehand
3. CA tight band around the head that comes and goes
4. DSlowly worsening over several weeks, worst in the morning

Vì sao bệnh nhân bệnh thận mạn thường dùng thuốc gắn phosphate cùng bữa ăn?

1. AChúng tăng hấp thu phosphate từ thức ăn ở ruột
2. BChúng thay thế hormone erythropoietin còn thiếu
3. CChúng gắn phosphate trong thức ăn mà thận không thải được
4. DChúng làm giảm kali máu bằng cách gắn kali ở ruột

A patient receives phenytoin through a nasogastric tube along with continuous enteral feed. Which issue should the nurse know about?

1. APhenytoin makes the feed curdle, so the two must never be used in one patient
2. BThe feed can reduce phenytoin absorption, so the feed is often paused around the dose
3. CPhenytoin must be crushed and mixed into the feed bag
4. DThe feed increases phenytoin levels and causes toxicity within hours

An 80-year-old with angina is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. How is levothyroxine usually started?

1. AOnly after the angina has been cured
2. BAt a full dose from the first day
3. CAt a low dose, increased slowly
4. DAs a single large weekly injection

A patient with myasthenia gravis took extra pyridostigmine doses. They now have more weakness, heavy salivation, sweating, diarrhoea, small pupils and a slow pulse. What is most likely?

1. AA normal response to a higher dose
2. BA cholinergic crisis from too much medication
3. CAn allergic reaction to the drug
4. DA myasthenic crisis from too little medication

A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will wipe from front to back."
2. B"I will drink enough fluids during the day."
3. C"I will pass urine soon after sex."
4. D"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."