Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

What is the most common cause of a high sodium in a frail older adult?

1. AEating too much fruit
2. BTaking too much insulin
3. CDrinking too much water
4. DNot drinking enough water

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. APain that is worse after a long day at work
2. BMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off
3. CBack pain that eases when walking around the house
4. DNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems

Why should insulin injection sites be rotated?

1. ATo make the insulin work faster each time
2. BTo stop the insulin from spreading to other organs
3. CTo prevent fatty lumps that absorb insulin unevenly
4. DTo avoid building up an immune response to the insulin

What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

1. ATo treat a urinary infection after the operation
2. BTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter
3. CTo measure the size of the bladder
4. DTo give the patient extra fluids

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
2. BConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
3. CUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults
4. DOlder adults often show infection as confusion

A patient has Cushing's syndrome. Which nursing assessment is especially important?

1. ARegular blood glucose checks
2. BChecking for low blood pressure
3. CMonitoring for a high potassium
4. DWatching for weight loss

Two days after an ileal conduit was formed, the stoma is dark purple and dry. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord it as normal for a new stoma
2. BReport it urgently, because the stoma may be ischaemic
3. CApply a warm compress to improve the colour of the stoma
4. DChange the bag and check again next week

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has lost weight and has poor oral hygiene. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. ATell the patient to stop brushing their teeth completely
2. BAdvise very hot drinks to relax the facial nerves
3. CEncourage hard, crunchy foods to strengthen the jaw muscles
4. DOffer soft, lukewarm food and advise chewing on the unaffected side