Phiếu bài tập Nội–ngoại khoa: thần kinh, nội tiết và thận có đáp án

Which substance do the kidneys release that helps raise blood pressure?

1. ARenin
2. BInsulin
3. CThyroxine
4. DBile

Why do patients with chronic kidney disease often develop bone disease?

1. AThe kidneys release too much calcium into the bones
2. BThe bones are attacked by antibodies made in the kidneys
3. CThe kidneys cannot activate vitamin D or clear phosphate
4. DPatients usually drink too much milk

Dịch nào thường được truyền đầu tiên trong nhiễm toan ceton do đái tháo đường?

1. AĐồ uống có đường và nước đường uống
2. BNước cất pha tiêm tĩnh mạch
3. CNatri chloride 0,9% tĩnh mạch
4. DDung dịch glucose 50% tĩnh mạch

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
2. BStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
3. CStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
4. DAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done

A patient with Conn's syndrome starts spironolactone. Which blood test should the nurse watch most closely?

1. APotassium
2. BAmylase
3. CGlucose
4. DCalcium

Why is levodopa combined with carbidopa (or benserazide)?

1. ATo add a separate effect that reduces the resting tremor directly
2. BTo make levodopa cross into the brain more slowly and evenly
3. CTo prevent tolerance from developing to levodopa over time
4. DTo stop levodopa being converted to dopamine outside the brain

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. AA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
2. BA rise in blood glucose from the urine
3. CFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis
4. DRupture of the bladder from the catheter

Which task for a patient with a urinary catheter can the nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether the catheter can be removed
2. BEmptying the drainage bag and recording the volume
3. CTeaching self-catheterisation for the first time
4. DAssessing a patient whose irrigation is not draining