1.Easy
Köhler's chimpanzees, who suddenly stacked boxes to reach bananas, are a classic example of:
- AFunctional fixedness
- BTrial-and-error learning
- CMental set
- DInsight
2.Easy
Damage to Broca's area typically causes difficulty with:
- AUnderstanding spoken words
- BProducing fluent speech
- CForming new memories
- DRecognising faces
3.Easy
The representativeness heuristic means judging the probability of something by:
- AHow much time or money you have already invested in it
- BHow closely it resembles a typical example
- CThe first number you were given
- DHow easily examples come to mind
4.Medium
In Shepard and Metzler's mental rotation task, the time to decide whether two 3D shapes are the same:
- ADecreases as the angle between them gets larger
- BDepends mainly on how complex the shapes are
- CIs the same whatever the angle of rotation is
- DIncreases with the angle between the two shapes
5.Medium
People often accept an invalid syllogism if its conclusion sounds true, such as "Some vitamins are healthy". This is called:
- ASelf-serving bias
- BHindsight bias
- CBelief bias
- DAnchoring
6.Medium
In Duncker's candle problem, participants must fix a candle to a wall using a box of tacks and matches. The solution is hard to find because people:
- AAssume the tacks are too short to hold the candle
- BDo not realise the candle has to be lit first
- CSpend too long trying to melt wax with the matches
- DSee the box only as a container, not as a shelf
7.Hard
Patient D.F. could not report the orientation of a slot but could accurately post a card through it. Milner and Goodale used this to support the idea of:
- AFeature binding through focused spatial attention
- BSeparate visual streams for perception and action
- CA single visual system used for every visual task
- DEarly selection of attention before perception
8.Hard
Clive Wearing developed severe amnesia after a brain infection and cannot remember events from moment to moment, yet he can still play the piano and conduct music. This shows that:
- AMusical skills are stored in short-term memory
- BEpisodic memory is needed to perform any skill
- CAll long-term memory depends on a single system
- DProcedural memory can survive severe loss of episodic memory
Answer key
- 1. D · Insight
- 2. B · Producing fluent speech
- 3. B · How closely it resembles a typical example
- 4. D · Increases with the angle between the two shapes
- 5. C · Belief bias
- 6. D · See the box only as a container, not as a shelf
- 7. B · Separate visual streams for perception and action
- 8. D · Procedural memory can survive severe loss of episodic memory
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