Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

What is a heuristic?

1. AA type of long-term memory
2. BA step-by-step procedure that always finds the right answer
3. CA disorder of perception
4. DA mental shortcut used to make judgements quickly

Köhler's chimpanzees, who suddenly stacked boxes to reach bananas, are a classic example of:

1. AInsight
2. BMental set
3. CFunctional fixedness
4. DTrial-and-error learning

Remembering what you did at your tenth birthday party relies mainly on:

1. AProcedural memory
2. BIconic memory
3. CSemantic memory
4. DEpisodic memory

People often accept an invalid syllogism if its conclusion sounds true, such as "Some vitamins are healthy". This is called:

1. ASelf-serving bias
2. BHindsight bias
3. CAnchoring
4. DBelief bias

After studying the words "bed, rest, tired, dream, snooze", many people falsely recall "sleep". This paradigm demonstrates:

1. AFalse memories produced by related associations
2. BThe word length effect in verbal memory
3. CNear-perfect recall of meaningful, related word lists
4. DRapid decay of items in iconic memory

The availability heuristic means people judge how likely an event is by:

1. AHow similar it is to a typical case
2. BHow easily examples come to mind
3. CThe first number they hear
4. DIts actual statistical frequency

In prospect theory, losses typically feel:

1. AAbout twice as strong as gains of the same size
2. BExactly as strong as gains of the same size, on average
3. CWeaker than gains of the same size
4. DStrong only when they are certain

Participants practise retrieving some items from a studied category (e.g. "fruit – orange"). Later, unpractised items from the same category (e.g. "fruit – banana") are recalled worse than items from unpractised categories. This is:

1. ADecay over time
2. BRetrieval-induced forgetting
3. CRetroactive interference from a new list
4. DThe testing effect