1.Easy
Declarative memory, which can be consciously recalled and put into words, is also called:
- AMotor memory
- BImplicit memory
- CSensory memory
- DExplicit memory
2.Easy
Selective attention is best illustrated by:
- ARecognising a face you have seen before
- BRemembering a phone number for a few seconds
- CSolving an arithmetic problem
- DFollowing one conversation at a noisy party
3.Easy
Continuing to invest in a failing project because of the money already spent is called the:
- AFraming effect
- BGambler's fallacy
- CSunk cost fallacy
- DAvailability heuristic
4.Medium
Repeating "the, the, the" aloud while learning a word list impairs recall because it:
- AErases information already in long-term memory
- BPrevents the eyes from reading the words
- CBlocks rehearsal in the phonological loop
- DOverloads the visuospatial sketchpad
5.Medium
In Shepard and Metzler's mental rotation task, the time to decide whether two 3D shapes are the same:
- AIncreases with the angle between the two shapes
- BDecreases as the angle between them gets larger
- CIs the same whatever the angle of rotation is
- DDepends mainly on how complex the shapes are
6.Medium
In the Brown–Peterson task, participants count backwards by threes after seeing a trigram such as "KTR". The main finding was that:
- ACounting backwards made the trigrams easier to remember
- BRecall stayed almost perfect even after 18 seconds of counting
- COnly the first letter of each trigram tended to be forgotten
- DRecall fell sharply within about 18 seconds without rehearsal
7.Hard
Change blindness experiments show that people often:
- ASee changes only in colour, not in shape
- BNotice every small change in their visual field
- CFail to notice large changes in a scene when the change happens during a brief interruption
- DAre better at spotting changes in faces than in objects in all cases
8.Hard
In a city, 85% of cabs are green and 15% are blue. A witness who is correct 80% of the time says the cab in an accident was blue. What is the probability it really was blue?
- AAbout 15%
- BAbout 80%
- CAbout 41%
- DAbout 68%
Answer key
- 1. D · Explicit memory
- 2. D · Following one conversation at a noisy party
- 3. C · Sunk cost fallacy
- 4. C · Blocks rehearsal in the phonological loop
- 5. A · Increases with the angle between the two shapes
- 6. D · Recall fell sharply within about 18 seconds without rehearsal
- 7. C · Fail to notice large changes in a scene when the change happens during a brief interruption
- 8. C · About 41%
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