Cognitive psychology worksheet with answers

In categorisation research, a prototype is:

1. AA rare and unusual member of a category
2. BThe most typical member or average example of a category
3. CThe first example of a category that a child learns in early life
4. DA strict list of features every member must have

The Gestalt principle of proximity states that we tend to group together elements that are:

1. AForming a closed shape
2. BClose to each other
3. CSimilar in colour
4. DMoving in the same direction

Trying to perform two tasks at the same time, such as texting while listening to a lecture, involves:

1. ASelective attention
2. BSustained attention
3. CDivided attention
4. DIconic memory

Loftus and Palmer's car crash study showed that:

1. AEyewitnesses are always accurate about speed
2. BMemory for faces is more reliable than memory for events
3. CThe wording of a question can change eyewitness memory
4. DStress improves the accuracy of recall

A friend walking away from you does not seem to shrink, even though their image on your retina gets smaller. This is called:

1. ASize constancy
2. BShape constancy
3. CFigure–ground organisation
4. DLinear perspective

A student who studied while drinking coffee recalls more when tested after drinking coffee. This illustrates:

1. AThe serial position effect
2. BThe spacing effect
3. CState-dependent memory
4. DFlashbulb memory

Strayer and Johnston found that hands-free phone conversations impaired simulated driving about as much as hand-held ones. What does this suggest?

1. AHolding a phone is the only problem when driving
2. BDriving is a fully automatic task
3. CTalking to a passenger in the car is just as distracting in every case
4. DThe main cost of phoning while driving is attentional, not manual

In Treisman's feature integration theory, why is finding a red X among red Os and blue Xs slow?

1. ARed is processed more slowly than blue
2. BSingle features cannot be detected without attention
3. CLetters cannot be searched visually
4. DCombining features (a conjunction) requires focused attention to each item