1.Easy
Which mineral is an essential part of haemoglobin?
- AZinc
- BIodine
- CIron
- DCalcium
2.Easy
Which hormone lowers blood glucose?
- AAdrenaline
- BGlucagon
- CInsulin
- DCortisol
3.Easy
Which hormone, made mainly by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production?
- AErythropoietin
- BThrombopoietin
- CRenin
- DAldosterone
4.Medium
What causes the first heart sound (S1)?
- AClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
- BOpening of the aortic valve
- CClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
- DBlood filling the atria
5.Medium
What is the main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
- AA rise in arterial CO₂
- BA fall in blood pH caused by lactate only
- CA fall in arterial O₂
- DA rise in blood glucose
6.Medium
Which protein forms the mesh that stabilises a blood clot?
- ACollagen
- BFibrin
- CAlbumin
- DThrombin
7.Hard
Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?
- AInulin
- BCreatinine
- CGlucose
- DUrea
8.Hard
Spirometry shows reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC, with a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio. What pattern is this?
- AAn obstructive pattern, as in asthma
- BA restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
- CA normal result in an older adult
- DAn obstructive pattern, as in emphysema or chronic bronchitis
Answer key
- 1. C · Iron
- 2. C · Insulin
- 3. A · Erythropoietin
- 4. A · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
- 5. A · A rise in arterial CO₂
- 6. B · Fibrin
- 7. A · Inulin
- 8. B · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
Full step-by-step solutions: practise this topic on examproblems.com.