During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?
AA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
BAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
CAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
DA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
8.药理学困难
A patient who has taken lorazepam daily for many months stops it suddenly. Which serious complication may follow?
ASevere bradycardia
BPinpoint pupils and coma
CProfound respiratory depression
DWithdrawal seizures
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: Vd = 17.78 L
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: B · An infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
为什么是这个答案
Rapid vancomycin infusion releases histamine, causing flushing and itching of the upper body (formerly called "red man syndrome"). It is managed by stopping or slowing the infusion, and sometimes with an antihistamine.
答案
B · An infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber
8.药理学
答案: D · Withdrawal seizures
为什么是这个答案
Abrupt withdrawal after long-term benzodiazepine use causes anxiety, insomnia, tremor and sometimes seizures. Long-term users should have the dose tapered gradually.