练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dopamine 800 mg、容量 500 mL 的输液以 8 mL/h 输注。患者体重 104 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
800 mg/500 mL8 mL/h104 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
7.药理学中等
A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?
ADouble the dose to build tolerance faster
BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
CTake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
DTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
8.药理学困难
A child has a tonic–clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes at home and has no IV access. Which drug can be given first by a trained carer or paramedic?
AIntramuscular morphine
BBuccal or intranasal midazolam
COral paracetamol syrup
DOral phenytoin tablets crushed in water
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: Vd = 12.86 L
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: B · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
为什么是这个答案
Niacin causes prostaglandin-mediated vasodilation and flushing. Aspirin beforehand, taking it with food and avoiding hot drinks and alcohol reduce this effect.
答案
B · Take aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
8.药理学
答案: B · Buccal or intranasal midazolam
为什么是这个答案
Without IV access, buccal or intranasal midazolam, or rectal diazepam, is used to stop a prolonged seizure. Nothing is put into the mouth to swallow during a seizure.