A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which adverse effect should the patient report at once?
AA brief change in taste
BAny new skin rash
CMild headache on the first day
DSlight tiredness in the afternoon
8.药理学困难
Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?
ALow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
BHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium
CNormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin
DHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: k = 0.2371 h⁻¹
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
Lamotrigine can cause serious skin reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome. The dose is increased slowly, especially with valproate, and any rash must be assessed promptly.
答案
B · Any new skin rash
8.药理学
答案: D · High potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
为什么是这个答案
Rapid tumour cell death releases potassium, phosphate and nucleic acids (which become uric acid). Phosphate binds calcium, lowering it; prevention includes IV fluids and drugs that lower uric acid.
答案
D · High potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium