练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dopamine 800 mg、容量 500 mL 的输液以 26 mL/h 输注。患者体重 74 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
800 mg/500 mL26 mL/h74 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
7.药理学中等
A patient refuses a prescribed oral medicine. What should the nurse do?
ALeave the tablet on the bedside table for later
BHide the tablet in the patient's food
CExplore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
DRecord the medicine as given, so that the chart stays complete for the next shift
8.药理学困难
During general anaesthesia with a volatile agent and suxamethonium (succinylcholine), a patient develops muscle rigidity, rising end-tidal CO2 and a fast-rising temperature. Which drug is the specific treatment?
ANaloxone
BNeostigmine
CDantrolene
DParacetamol
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: LD = 318.8 mg
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: C · Explore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
为什么是这个答案
Competent patients may refuse treatment. The nurse explores concerns, explains the purpose and risks, documents the refusal and informs the prescriber; covert administration needs formal legal and clinical procedures.
答案
C · Explore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
8.药理学
答案: C · Dantrolene
为什么是这个答案
Malignant hyperthermia is caused by uncontrolled calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dantrolene blocks this release, and the triggering agents are stopped at once.