练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dobutamine 250 mg、容量 250 mL 的输液以 18 mL/h 输注。患者体重 77 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
250 mg/250 mL18 mL/h77 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
7.药理学中等
ACE 抑制剂如何降低血压?
A增加肾脏对钠的重吸收
B阻断心脏的 β1 受体
C阻断血管紧张素 I 转化为血管紧张素 II
D阻断血管平滑肌细胞中的 L 型钙通道
8.药理学困难
During an IV glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) infusion for chest pain, the patient's blood pressure drops to 82/50 mmHg and he feels faint. What is the nurse's first action?
AStop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
BSit the patient fully upright and give paracetamol for the headache
CGive a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet and increase the rate to relieve the remaining chest pain
DIncrease the infusion rate to improve blood flow to the heart
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: LD = 696 mcg
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
答案: A · Stop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber
为什么是这个答案
Hypotension is a major adverse effect of nitrates due to venous and arterial dilation. The infusion is stopped or reduced, the patient is positioned flat to improve venous return, and the prescriber is informed.
答案
A · Stop or reduce the infusion as per protocol, lay the patient flat and notify the prescriber