A patient is starting lisinopril. Which rare but serious adverse effect should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?
ASwelling of the lips, tongue or face
BDarker skin after exposure to sunlight
CA harmless rash on the palms of the hands
DAn increase in appetite in the evening
8.药理学困难
A patient on long-term prednisolone has been vomiting for two days and could not take her tablets. She is now hypotensive and confused, with low sodium and high potassium. What is the most urgent treatment?
AOral prednisolone with a glass of water
BIV furosemide
CIV hydrocortisone and IV fluids
DIV insulin with glucose only
3溶液
1.临床药代动力学
答案: Vd = 25.56 L
清除率和容积:在稳态时,给药速率等于消除速率,所以维持速率 = CL × Css。负荷剂量 LD = Vd × C/(S × F),其中 S 是盐因子(盐中活性药物所占的比例),F 是生物利用度(静脉给药为 1)。由两个浓度可得 k = ln(C₁/C₂)/Δt;对于静脉推注,Vd = 剂量/C₀,CL = k × Vd。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema, which can obstruct the airway and needs emergency care. It is linked to raised bradykinin levels and can occur even after long use.
答案
A · Swelling of the lips, tongue or face
8.药理学
答案: C · IV hydrocortisone and IV fluids
为什么是这个答案
This suggests an adrenal crisis triggered by missed steroids and illness. Treatment is immediate IV or IM hydrocortisone, IV fluids with glucose as needed, and treating the cause.