Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = 4·(−3) + 5·2 + 1·3 = 1
模
|a| = √(4² + 5² + 1²) = 6.481
|b| = √((−3)² + 2² + 3²) = 4.69
相角
cos θ = 1/(6.481·4.69) = 0.0329
θ = arccos(0.0329) = 88.11°
答案
θ = 88.11°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: A = 26.91
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.