一块 200 mm × 200 mm 的板有一个宽 80 mm、高 20 mm 的矩形切口,位于竖直中心线上,切口中心在底边之上 130 mm 处。求关于通过形心的水平轴的截面二次矩 Ix。
b = 200 mmh = 200 mm切口: 80 × 20 mm孔心: y = 130 mm
Ix = × 10⁶ mm⁴
3溶液
1.向量:点积和叉积
答案: W = −30 J
Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
位移
d = B − A = (−2, 4, −5) − (0, 1, −5) = (−2, 3, 0) m
功
W = F·d = 30·(−2) + 10·3 + (−5)·0 = −30 J
答案
W = −30 J
负功:力主要与运动方向相反。
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: (a × b)y = 48
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.