Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−6)·5 + 6·3 + 2·(−2) = −16
模
|a| = √((−6)² + 6² + 2²) = 8.718
|b| = √(5² + 3² + (−2)²) = 6.164
相角
cos θ = −16/(8.718·6.164) = −0.2977
θ = arccos(−0.2977) = 107.3°
答案
θ = 107.3°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: Mx = −300 N·m
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.