Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = 6·4 + (−1)·(−3) + 6·(−3) = 9
模
|a| = √(6² + (−1)² + 6²) = 8.544
|b| = √(4² + (−3)² + (−3)²) = 5.831
相角
cos θ = 9/(8.544·5.831) = 0.1807
θ = arccos(0.1807) = 79.59°
答案
θ = 79.59°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: Mz = 20 N·m
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.
从 O 到 A 的位置向量
r = A − O = (−3, 0, −4) − (1, −3, 0) = (−4, 3, −4) m