Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−2)·(−4) + (−2)·6 + (−2)·5 = −14
b 的长度
|b| = √((−4)² + 6² + 5²) = 8.775
标量投影
compb a = a·b/|b| = −14/8.775 = −1.595
答案
compb a = −1.595
为负:a 有一个与 b 方向相反的分量。
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: V = 59
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.