Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = 5·(−4) + 3·3 + (−3)·2 = −17
b 的长度
|b| = √((−4)² + 3² + 2²) = 5.385
标量投影
compb a = a·b/|b| = −17/5.385 = −3.157
答案
compb a = −3.157
为负:a 有一个与 b 方向相反的分量。
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: V = 4
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.