Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−4)·(−4) + 3·4 + 2·4 = 36
模
|a| = √((−4)² + 3² + 2²) = 5.385
|b| = √((−4)² + 4² + 4²) = 6.928
相角
cos θ = 36/(5.385·6.928) = 0.9649
θ = arccos(0.9649) = 15.23°
答案
θ = 15.23°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: A = 57.45
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.