Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = 4·(−5) + (−6)·(−1) + (−4)·0 = −14
模
|a| = √(4² + (−6)² + (−4)²) = 8.246
|b| = √((−5)² + (−1)² + 0²) = 5.099
相角
cos θ = −14/(8.246·5.099) = −0.333
θ = arccos(−0.333) = 109.4°
答案
θ = 109.4°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: (a × b)y = −24
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.