Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = 4·5 + 3·0 + (−6)·4 = −4
b 的长度
|b| = √(5² + 0² + 4²) = 6.403
标量投影
compb a = a·b/|b| = −4/6.403 = −0.6247
答案
compb a = −0.6247
为负:a 有一个与 b 方向相反的分量。
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: (a × b)z = 16
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.