Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
点积
a·b = (−3)·6 + (−5)·1 + 6·(−6) = −59
模
|a| = √((−3)² + (−5)² + 6²) = 8.367
|b| = √(6² + 1² + (−6)²) = 8.544
相角
cos θ = −59/(8.367·8.544) = −0.8254
θ = arccos(−0.8254) = 145.6°
答案
θ = 145.6°
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: n̂x = −0.1141
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.