Dot product:a·b = axbx + ayby + azbz = |a|·|b|·cos θ, a scalar. It gives the angle between two vectors, cos θ = a·b/(|a|·|b|), and it is zero when they are perpendicular. The scalar projection of a onto b is a·b/|b|, and a constant force F moving through a displacement d does work W = F·d.
对应分量相乘再相加
a·b = (−1)·7 + 1·1 + 3·0 = (−7) + 1 + 0 = −6
答案
a·b = −6
为负:两向量的夹角大于 90°。
2.向量:点积和叉积
答案: |M| = 190 N·m
Cross product:a × b = (aybz − azby, azbx − axbz, axby − aybx) is perpendicular to both vectors, and |a × b| = |a|·|b|·sin θ is the area of the parallelogram they span (the triangle has half of it). Order matters: b × a = −(a × b). The moment of a force F applied at point A about point O is MO = r × F, with r = A − O.
从 O 到 A 的位置向量
r = A − O = (3, 3, −3) − (3, −2, 3) = (0, 5, −6) m