护理入学考试生物练习卷（附答案）

What is the cytoplasm?

1. AThe fluid found only inside the nucleus
2. BThe jelly-like contents between the membrane and nucleus
3. CThe space between two neighbouring cells
4. DThe stiff outer layer of cellulose that surrounds a plant cell

What does sterilisation mean?

1. AReducing the number of microbes on the skin before an injection
2. BKilling or removing all microorganisms, including spores
3. CKilling only the viruses on a surface
4. DWashing away visible dirt with water

Who first used the word "cells" after looking at thin slices of cork under a microscope?

1. ARobert Hooke
2. BGregor Mendel
3. CLouis Pasteur
4. DCharles Darwin

Why do root hair cells have long, thin extensions?

1. ATo carry out photosynthesis underground
2. BTo anchor the plant firmly against strong winds and rain
3. CTo store starch for the winter
4. DTo increase the surface area for absorbing water

What is an inversion mutation?

1. AA segment of a chromosome is lost completely
2. BA segment of a chromosome moves to a different, non-matching chromosome
3. CA whole extra chromosome is added to the cell
4. DA chromosome segment breaks off and is reattached the wrong way round

What does it mean that a person's blood is Rh negative?

1. ATheir plasma has no antibodies at all
2. BTheir red cells carry extra RhD antigen
3. CTheir red cells lack the RhD antigen
4. DTheir red cells lack the A and B antigens

Sweating cools the body. Which property of water best explains this?

1. AIt is less dense as ice than as a liquid
2. BIt is a nonpolar solvent
3. CIt has a very low specific heat
4. DIt takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate

Why are mutations in mitochondrial DNA passed on only from mothers to their children?

1. AOnly women have mitochondria in their cells
2. BThe zygote's mitochondria come from the egg
3. CMitochondrial DNA is on the X chromosome
4. DSperm cells contain no DNA at all