护理入学考试生物练习卷（附答案）

Which kind of organism causes malaria?

1. AA fungus that grows on skin
2. BA protist carried by mosquitoes
3. CA virus spread by coughing
4. DA bacterium carried in water

光合作用产生哪些物质？

1. A葡萄糖和氧气
2. B蛋白质和氮气
3. C二氧化碳和水
4. D乳酸和 ATP

What is apoptosis?

1. AProgrammed cell death
2. BUncontrolled cell division
3. CFusion of two gametes
4. DDivision of the cytoplasm

Clostridium tetani grows in deep puncture wounds but is killed by oxygen. How is this bacterium described?

1. AAn obligate aerobe
2. BA facultative anaerobe
3. CA photosynthetic bacterium
4. DAn obligate anaerobe

What happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA?

1. AThe ribosome goes back to the start codon
2. BTranslation ends and the protein is released
3. CThe mRNA is copied back into DNA
4. DA special amino acid is added to end the chain

Why do chromosomes condense into short, thick shapes before mitosis?

1. ASo that genes can be transcribed more easily
2. BSo they can be moved apart without tangling or breaking
3. CSo that they can leave through the nuclear pores
4. DSo that they can be copied more quickly

Why is one new DNA strand made in short pieces (Okazaki fragments) during replication?

1. AThe lagging strand is made of RNA instead of DNA, so it must be built in pieces
2. BDNA polymerase works only 5' to 3', and the strands are antiparallel
3. COnly half of the DNA needs to be copied
4. DHelicase cuts that strand into pieces before copying

An old idea says giraffes got long necks because each one stretched to reach leaves and passed the longer neck to its young. Why is this idea rejected?

1. AChanges acquired in a lifetime are not passed on in the genes
2. BGiraffes do not eat leaves from tall trees, so stretching is not needed
3. COnly plants can pass on traits to offspring
4. DNeck length is not affected by any genes